Judul: SISTEM PERIZINAN BEKERJA
1. PENDAHULUAN
Dalam pembuatan kapal dan perbaikan kapal-industri, ada sejumlah operasi yang menimbulkan risiko tinggi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu bentuk kontrol untuk melakukan operasi ini dengan aman. kontrol ini dibawa melalui izin untuk bekerja sistem. A-ijin-bekerja pada dasarnya merupakan dokumen yang menetapkan bekerja untuk dilakukan, lokasi, karyawan yang bertanggung jawab untuk menerapkan mendukung dan menyetujui, tanggal dan waktu dan akan mengambil tindakan pencegahan. Ini adalah catatan yang jelas bahwa semua bahaya mendatang dianggap di muka dan bahwa tindakan yang tepat ditentukan dan diambil dalam urutan yang benar. Tidak, Namun, dengan sendirinya membuat pekerjaan yang aman. Ini adalah upaya terpadu dari semua pihak yang terlibat dalam izin untuk bekerja sistem untuk memastikan bahwa operasi dilakukan secara aman.
Di bawah perusahaan-peraturan di rumah, itu adalah wajib untuk mendapatkan izin untuk bekerja sebelum pekerjaan berbahaya dilakukan di galangan kapal.
2. TUJUAN
• Untuk memastikan bahwa pekerjaan yang berbahaya dapat dilakukan dengan memperhatikan keselamatan, kesehatan dan kesejahteraan pekerja;
• Untuk mencegah pekerjaan tidak sesuai dari yang sedang dilakukan pada saat yang sama di galangan kapal atau di setiap lokasi pada kapal; dan
• Untuk memastikan bahwa tindakan pencegahan keamanan yang diambil dan diberlakukan ketika pekerjaan berbahaya sedang dilakukan.
3. RUANG LINGKUP
Proses kerja berikut ini tercakup dalam sistem perizinan-ke-bekerja.
Hot-Kerja
Lukisan di ruang terbatas
Kimia pembersihan boiler, pendingin, Generator, Motor dll
membersihkan papan saklar listrik
Radiografi kerja
Pembongkaran / Pengujian saluran pipa minyak, katup dan koil pemanas.
Kegiatan kerja di kamar CO2/Halon
Ballasing / Deballasting
Pengisian bahan bakar / Mentransfer minyak
Lumpur membersihkan
Ijin di atas ini harus dimunculkan jika pekerjaan dimaksudkan untuk melaksanakan on board pada kapal / luas bangunan ereksi baru.
4. TANGGUNG JAWAB
Untuk pekerjaan dilakukan oleh personel halaman, yang Foreman Perdagangan / Supervisor bertanggung jawab untuk menjaga keselamatan seluruh persyaratan kinerja. Untuk pekerjaan ditenderkan oleh pekarangan terletak tanggung jawab bersama-sama dengan Foreman Perdagangan / Supervisor dan Sub-kontraktor Foreman / Supervisor.
Untuk pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh staf kontraktor kapal mereka disewa, tanggung jawab menjaga persyaratan keselamatan seluruh kinerja terletak pada Master / Chief Officer / Chief Engineer. Semua pekerjaan harus dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku galangan kapal dan peraturan.
5. URAIAN
Sejalan dengan peraturan perusahaan dan peraturan, galangan umumnya menggunakan ijin 4-tahap. 4 tahap dasar adalah sebagai berikut: -
SATGE Aku Aplikasi oleh Foreman "" Perdagangan / Supervisor
The Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor / staf Kapal berlaku untuk izin melaksanakan proses kerja di lokasi tertentu untuk jangka waktu tertentu. HE juga harus melakukan bahwa ia akan menyediakan dan memelihara langkah-langkah keselamatan yang tepat selama proses kerja secara keseluruhan.
Pengesahan TAHAP II oleh Safety Officer / Supervisor Keselamatan
Pejabat Keamanan / Keselamatan Pengawas memverifikasi bahwa persyaratan keamanan yang diperlukan telah dipenuhi. Jika dia puas, ia akan mendukung mengizinkan.
TAHAP III Persetujuan oleh Manager Perbaikan Kapal / Project Engineer
Perbaikan kapal Manajer mengevaluasi informasi yang diberikan oleh pemohon dan risiko serta bahaya yang terlibat dalam pekerjaan.
Perbaikan Kapal Manager / Project Engineer menegaskan bahwa tidak ada proses yang tidak kompatibel akan dilakukan di sekitar sama dengan pekerjaan dan semua tindakan keselamatan dan pencegahan telah dilaksanakan dan ditegakkan. The SRM / PE akan menyebabkan pemeriksaan menyeluruh dan penilaian yang tepat dari area kerja dan sekitarnya harus dibuat sebelum ia menyetujui Tahap III dari aplikasi untuk pekerjaan-izin-. Dia kemudian akan menyetujui pekerjaan.
TAHAP IV Pemberitahuan penyelesaian pekerjaan oleh Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor
The Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor memberitahu personel keamanan pada penyelesaian pekerjaan dengan mengembalikan "Tampilan" salinan izin ditandatangani.
6. WHO RAISE HARUS ATAS PERIZINAN
Ini adalah tugas Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor untuk melamar pekerjaan-izin-jika pekerjaan dimaksudkan untuk dilakukan oleh halaman atau halaman sub-kontraktor yang bergerak. Jika pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh kapal dan sub-kontraktor kemudian Master / Chief Officer / Chief Engineer senior atau anggota lain dari staf kapal yang menghadiri pertemuan VSCC harus mengajukan permohonan untuk ijin tersebut. Orang menerapkan perizinan yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai "pemohon"
CATATAN PENTING
Izin dikendalikan dokumen dengan nomor seri dan itu adalah tugas dari Departemen Mangers izin untuk melihat bahwa bentuk-bentuk yang dikeluarkan untuk mereka mandor / Supervisor adalah benar dipertanggungjawabkan.
7. PEDOMAN UMUM UNTUK FILLING BERUPA PERIZINAN
Setiap tahap izin dapat ditandatangani oleh masing-masing personil hanya setelah tahap sebelumnya telah ditandatangani.
Tanggal dimulainya kerja, aplikasi, dukungan oleh Safety Officer / Supervisor dan disetujui oleh SRM / PE semua harus sama.
Mandor atau supervisor dapat melakukan pembatalan pada izin. Namun, harus dilakukan dengan rapi dan dia harus awal pembatalan tersebut dibuat.
Pejabat Keamanan / SafetySupervisor harus awal di samping atau inisial mandor pengawas untuk menunjukkan kesadaran pembatalan sebelum dia tanda-tanda Bagian II mengizinkan. Tidak ada amandemen harus dilakukan untuk memungkinkan setelah telah ditandatangani oleh Pejabat Keselamatan / Keselamatan Pengawas kecuali tanggal dimulainya dan waktu. Harus ada kebutuhan untuk melakukan perubahan lainnya Pejabat Keselamatan / Keselamatan Pengawas harus diinformasikan dan Petugas Keselamatan / Keselamatan Pengawas harus awal terhadap perubahan dibuat. Dalam konteks yang sama tidak ada penambahan juga harus dibuat dalam mengizinkan setelah telah ditandatangani oleh Kantor Keselamatan / Keselamatan Pengawas.
The SRM / PE persetujuan sebelum izin tersebut harus memastikan bahwa tanggal dimulainya dan waktu sudah dimasukkan. Jika tidak, dia harus memasukkan tanggal dimulainya dan waktu memungkinkan. Jika tanggal dimulainya dan waktu telah dimasukkan oleh Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor dan jika diperlukan untuk diubah, SRM harus mengubahnya. Dia harus Namun awal terhadap perubahan dibuat. Tanggal dimulainya dan waktu TIDAK SEHARUSNYA persetujuan mendahului tanggal dan waktu pada izin.
8. PROSEDUR UNTUK mendapatkan izin-TO-PEKERJAAN
Pemohon harus menyoroti pada pertemuan VSCC kegiatan kerja dimaksudkan untuk 24 jam berikutnya sebelum menaikkan permohonan izin. Perbaikan Kapal Manager / Project Engineer harus koordinasi kegiatan kerja tertentu dalam pertemuan VSCC sehingga bekerja tidak kompatibel tidak dilakukan di lokasi yang sama atau berdekatan. Dalam hal pekerjaan muncul setelah pertemuan VSCC, yang SRM / PE harus mengadakan pertemuan lagi dengan perdagangan yang terlibat sebelum aplikasi dibuat.
Pemohon harus mengenal jadwal kerja, sifat pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan dan bahaya dan risiko yang terkait dengan pekerjaan. Dia harus mengambil langkah-langkah keselamatan yang relevan sebelum mengirimkan-izin kerja.
Dia harus meningkatkan 2 salinan izin kerja yang sesuai ke-. Dia harus mengisi keterangan dengan benar dan terbaca dalam kotak yang sesuai seperti nama kapal itu, lokasi kerja, dimulainya dan tanggal dan waktu penyelesaian dan rincian pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan.
Dia harus menyelesaikan Tahap I "Aplikasi oleh Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor" dan mengirimkan formulir (2 copy) kepada Pejabat Safety / Keselamatan Pengawas.
Setelah menerima aplikasi, Pejabat Keselamatan / Keselamatan Pengawas harus membiasakan diri dengan jadwal kerja, sifat pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan dan risiko serta bahaya yang terlibat. Dia kemudian harus memeriksa tempat kerja dimaksudkan dan sekitarnya bersama-sama dengan pemohon untuk memastikan bahwa tidak ada bahaya atau membahayakan. Dia kemudian akan mendukung Tahap II dari izin setelah mengkonfirmasi bahwa kondisi-kondisi lain dan setiap langkah-langkah keselamatan lainnya direkomendasikan telah dipenuhi. Jika dia tidak puas dengan hasil pemeriksaan, ia dapat menolak untuk mendukung mengizinkan.
Pejabat Keamanan / Keselamatan Pengawas harus kemudian forward semua 2 tembusan kepada SRM / PE untuk persetujuannya. Pada diterimanya permohonan izin, para SRM / PE harus mengevaluasi bahaya dan risiko bahwa pemohon telah disorot. Dia harus menginstruksikan Pejabat Keselamatan / Keselamatan Pengawas untuk memastikan bahwa bahaya dan risiko dieliminasi / dikurangi dengan standar praktis penerimaan dan langkah-langkah keamanan yang berada di tempat. The SRM / PE akan menyetujui izin dengan penandatanganan Tahap III jika ia puas bahwa pemeriksaan menyeluruh dan penilaian yang tepat dari area kerja dan sekitarnya telah dibuat sehingga pekerjaan dapat dilakukan secara aman.
Pemohon diwajibkan untuk menampilkan salin ditandai 'DISPLAY' di area kerja dengan sketsa (jika ada) sebelum dimulainya kerja dan salin ditandai 'KEAMANAN (FILE) dalam dokumentasi kapal file dipertahankan di Departemen Keamanan.
Setelah menyelesaikan pekerjaan atau pencabutan izin tersebut, Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor / Kapal Staf (seperti yang mungkin terjadi) harus menandatangani Tahap IV "Pemberitahuan penyelesaian pekerjaan oleh Trade Foreman / Supervisor" dalam copy yang bertanda "Tampilan "dan menyerahkan salinan ke Personil Keamanan.
Jika pekerjaan tidak selesai dalam waktu yang ditentukan, izin baru harus dibangkitkan. pekerjaan Tidak ada yang bisa dimulai sampai izin tersebut dilengkapi dan ditandatangani oleh seluruh personil yang relevan.
Ini adalah tugas dari 'Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor' untuk menjaga keselamatan seluruh persyaratan performansi kerja. Jika perubahan kondisi, ia harus menghentikan pekerjaan dan memberitahukan SRM / PE dan Keselamatan Personil.
izin ini batal jika perubahan kondisi atau proses kerja yang tidak kompatibel perlu dilakukan karena prioritas. Dalam kondisi seperti itu, izin tersebut harus dikembalikan ke personel keamanan dan izin segar harus diperoleh.
Permintaan dari sub-kontraktor untuk persetujuan izin tidak akan dihibur.
9. DISPLAY OF IZIN KERJA
The-ijin-bekerja menonjol akan ditampilkan di sekitar pekerjaan yang telah diterbitkan.
Jika izin diberikan untuk pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan di dalam ruang tertutup, itu harus ditampilkan di pintu masuk ruang terbatas.
Izin pada layar tidak boleh dirusak atau dihapus. Dalam hal bahwa mereka menjadi dirusak atau dihapus, tindakan segera harus diambil untuk menggantinya.
Untuk izin untuk ditampilkan di area terbuka seperti dek utama dan dek cuaca, pemegang izin harus digunakan. Untuk izin yang akan ditampilkan di daerah terlindung seperti ruang kamar mesin pompa,, akomodasi, plastik penutup dengan string melekat, dapat digunakan. plastik mencakup dengan izin harus digantung di sekitar pekerjaan.
Judul: KERJA HEBAT
1. PENDAHULUAN
Kebakaran dan ledakan telah menjadi salah satu bahaya utama di galangan kapal dan perbaikan industri. pengelasan yang tidak terkendali dan operasi pemotongan telah menjadi sumber berbagai kebakaran di kapal papan. Banyak pekerjaan yang dilakukan selama proses pembuatan kapal / kapal-perbaikan seperti melukis, kimia pembersihan dll yang tidak kompatibel dengan panas-pekerjaan '. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu bentuk kontrol dan ini dapat dicapai dengan menerapkan sistem perizinan-ke-bekerja untuk "panas-kerja". Tidak ada "panas-kerja" akan diizinkan untuk dilaksanakan pada kapal papan / ereksi tanpa terlebih dahulu mendapatkan sebuah "hot-kerja" ijin.
2. TUJUAN
izin ini dimaksudkan untuk memastikan bahwa semua tindakan pencegahan perlu diambil selama proses tersebut.
3. RUANG LINGKUP
Izin ini berlaku untuk semua pekerjaan "panas" yang dilakukan di kapal board / daerah ereksi.
4. DEFINISI
"Hot-bekerja" berarti memukau, pengelasan, pemotongan api atau pembakaran dan termasuk pekerjaan lain yang melibatkan penggunaan atau generasi panas atau produksi bunga api.
5. PERSYARATAN UNTUK KESELAMATAN DIBERIKAN oleh pemohon
Pemohon harus memberikan di bawah persyaratan keselamatan yang disebutkan sebelum dimulainya kerja dan memelihara mereka selama 'panas-kerja ":
i Keberadaan menonton api dengan alat pemadam api / selang kebakaran.
Menonjol menampilkan ii dari 'panas-kerja' izin dengan sketsa.
Pasokan iii ventilasi cukup memaksa dan pemberian lampu yang memadai, untuk bekerja di ruang terbatas.
iv Menonjol tampilan 'panas-kerja' papan merek.
v Setiap tindakan khusus lain untuk mengandung bahaya dan risiko yang terkait dengan pekerjaan seperti yang disebutkan dalam permohonan izin.
5. PERSYARATAN UMUM / KONDISI
5,1 ketidakcocokan
izin 'Hot-kerja' akan batal bahan mudah terbakar harus diperkenalkan dalam cara yang 'panas-kerja' area atau karya tidak kompatibel berikut dilakukan di daerah yang sama: -
i Dismantling katup dan pipa
ii ballasting dan Deballasting
iii Pengujian katup / pipa / koil pemanas
iv Lukisan
v Kimia pembersih
vi Lumpur membersihkan
Dalam setiap pekerjaan panas kasus di atas '-' harus dihentikan segera dan Departemen Keamanan harus diberitahu.
5,2 PENGGUNAAN gas asetilen
Hanya gas asetilen harus digunakan untuk pengelasan gas / pemotongan operasi di tangki bawah ganda, pompa ruang kamar membatalkan, dan lain duduk dalam tangki.
5,3 "HOT-KERJA" UNTUK PEMULIHAN OF anoda Hull
Jumlah 'panas-ijin kerja yang diperlukan untuk perpanjangan anoda hull adalah sebagai berikut: -
Kemudi, daerah keras - satu izin
Laut cheasts - satu izin
Hull (Port & Stbd) (termasuk lunas lambung kapal) - satu izin
5,4 pemutusan selang GAS BREAK MAKAN SIANG SELAMA PERIODE
Selang bensin harus dilepas dari manifold bensin saat istirahat makanan dan untuk dalam ruangan yang terbatas duduk, pipa karet harus dihilangkan dari ruang. Pada akhir pekerjaan hari itu, semua selang gas harus dihilangkan dari semua ruang terbatas.
5,5 Flushing GULUNGAN Pemanasan dalam tangki CARGO DENGAN PEKERJAAN BAJA UTAMA
Kumparan Pemanasan dalam tangki kargo dengan pekerjaan baja utama harus memerah karena ada risiko pemakaian koil pemanas bakar menjadi "panas-kerja" daerah karena kerusakan yang terjadi selama pembaharuan baja. pekerjaan baja Mayor mengacu pada: -
i perpanjangan bulkheads tank kargo
ii pembaruan piring shell dengan cara tank kargo
iii pembaruan stringer di dalam tangki kargo
5,5 penilaian ulang OF "HOT-BEKERJA" AREA setelah perkaitan / UNDOCKING
Docking / undocking bisa memperkenalkan bahan mudah ke daerah sini untuk membebaskan mereka. "Hot-pekerjaan" di lokasi-lokasi berikut ini harus dinilai ulang setelah docking / undocking kapal untuk perubahan kondisi: -
i Void spasi
ii Double tangki bawah
iii Pompa kamar bilges
iv Engine kamar bilges
Larangan 5,6 AKTIVITAS KERJA LAIN DALAM ruangan yang terbatas SELAMA AWAL "BEKERJA HOT-" DALAM RUANG
Selama bekerja awal panas '-' di setiap ruang terbatas, seluruh kegiatan kerja lainnya dalam ruang tersebut harus ditangguhkan. Hal ini untuk memastikan bahwa tidak ada pekerja lain di ruang yang selama periode ini yang dianggap sebagai periode kritis. Sebagai contoh, jika membuka akses dek harus dipotong cara ruang tertutup, tidak ada kegiatan lainnya harus diijinkan dalam tangki sampai mengakses telah dipotong.
Dalam hal pekerjaan yang luas panas '-' pembaruan seperti dari internal dalam ruang itu, semua kegiatan lain dalam ruang tersebut harus ditangguhkan selama minimal 2 jam selama waktu 'panas-kerja' akan dimonitor. Kegiatan lain hanya akan diizinkan untuk melanjutkan setelah petugas keamanan puas dengan kondisi dalam ruang.
5,7 PENYEDIAAN ESCAPE ROUTE alternatif untuk Bekerja dalam ruang
bila ada panas ekstensif 'kerja' dalam ruang tertutup atau ketika banyak orang yang bekerja di ruang tertutup atau ketika banyak orang yang bekerja di ruang terbatas yang 'panas-kerja' juga dilakukan, yang akan membuka akses memotong di lokasi yang sesuai dalam ruang terbatas. Hal ini untuk memfasilitasi para pekerja melarikan diri dari ruang terbatas di mana mereka bekerja, dalam keadaan darurat.
Kriteria untuk memotong membuka akses harus didasarkan pada pertimbangan keselamatan. Keputusan apakah pembukaan akses yang diperlukan atau tidak beristirahat dengan departemen keamanan.
5,8 "HOT-KERJA" OLEH STAF KONTRAKTOR DAN PEMILIK KAPAL'S
panas Semua '-karya' harus dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan keselamatan yang berlaku dan peraturan yang berkaitan dengan "panas-kerja".
Judul: PEMBERSIHAN KIMIA DAN generator Motor
1. PENDAHULUAN
Kimia pembersihan generator / motor melibatkan penggunaan pelarut dalam bentuk atomized. Pelarut yang sangat beracun dan mudah terbakar, sehingga mengharuskan Tindakan pengamanan khusus untuk operasi. Setiap kimia pembersihan generator / motor di papan sebuah kapal di halaman dapat dilakukan hanya setelah memperoleh izin untuk hal yang sama.
2. TUJUAN
izin ini dimaksudkan untuk memastikan bahwa semua tindakan pencegahan perlu diambil selama proses tersebut.
3. PERSYARATAN UNTUK KESELAMATAN DIBERIKAN oleh pemohon
Pemohon harus menyediakan langkah-langkah di bawah disebutkan sebelum dimulainya kerja dan memelihara mereka selama proses keseluruhan:
• mencolok menampilkan papan sesuai di semua pintu masuk ke area dimana pembersihan kimia dimaksudkan untuk dilaksanakan.
• Isolat generator / motor sirkuit pemutus dan pemanas di operator telepon
• Pasokan knalpot ventilasi cukup.
• Pastikan tidak ada pekerjaan-panas di ruang tempat pembersihan kimia dimaksudkan.
• Gunakan lampu nyala dan bukti yang tepat
• Setiap langkah khusus lain untuk mengandung bahaya dan risiko yang terkait dengan pekerjaan seperti yang disebutkan dalam permohonan izin.
Selain itu, pemohon harus memastikan bahwa
• Para pekerja yang terlibat dalam pembersihan kimia adalah penjelasan tentang bahaya dan tindakan pencegahan
• Kimia pembersih dan asisten mereka menggunakan PPE yang sesuai seperti masker makan udara / pernapasan, perlindungan tubuh dan perlindungan mata.
4. PERSYARATAN UMUM / KONDISI
• Kimia dapat dibawa di atas kapal hanya setelah izin telah disetujui. Setelah dibawa di atas kapal harus disimpan di daerah yang disetujui oleh Pejabat Keamanan / Supervisor.
• Setelah selesai membersihkan bahan kimia Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor / Kapal staf (sebagai kasus mungkin saya) harus mengatur untuk menghilangkan semua bahan kimia dari kapal dan bersihkan tumpahan. Safety Officer / Supervisor harus mengecek dan mengkonfirmasi bahwa daerah ini bebas dari mudah terbakar / uap beracun.
• Pemohon ketika mengajukan izin harus mengirimkan salinan MSDS untuk personel keamanan dan SRM / PE.
• Penggunaan cairan yang mudah terbakar / pelarut untuk membersihkan bagian-bagian mesin adalah dilarang.
• Pembersihan kimia Izin harus diperoleh jika aplikasi bahan kimia / cairan yang mudah terbakar untuk keperluan secara umum membersihkan / degreasing dilakukan dengan cara penyemprotan.
5. Ketidakcocokan
"Hot-kerja" dan kimia proses pembersihan yang tidak kompatibel. panas Tidak '-kerja' akan diizinkan di daerah tempat pembersihan kimia masih dalam proses.
Judul: DEWAN SWITCH LISTRIK PEMBERSIHAN
1. PENDAHULUAN
Listrik secara ekstensif digunakan di galangan kapal untuk berbagai tujuan seperti mengemudi mesin lokakarya, mengangkat mesin, motor dan memberikan penerangan umum di seluruh halaman dan juga pada kapal papan. Listrik tidak berbahaya, jika digunakan dengan benar. Namun, jika digunakan tidak bijaksana, kecelakaan serius dapat terjadi. Tingkat keparahan cedera tergantung pada faktor-faktor berikut: -
i Sifat saat ini, apakah A.C atau D.C
ii Jalur arus yang mengalir melalui tubuh manusia
Jangka waktu iii kontak dengan arus
iv kondisi fisik tubuh manusia, yaitu basah atau kering
v Besarnya arus
Oleh karena itu, perlu bahwa personel yang terlibat dalam melakukan perbaikan listrik / pekerjaan pemeliharaan, terbiasa dengan prosedur kerja yang aman untuk menghindari insiden selama kegiatan tersebut.
Di galangan kapal itu, kegiatan berikut dilakukan secara teratur: -
i perbaikan papan Listrik mengaktifkan papan kapal
ii Listrik perbaikan fasilitas di lokasi galangan kapal
Bahaya utama karena perbaikan listrik adalah sebagai berikut: -
• Electric shock
• Kebakaran / ledakan
• Inhalasi gas beracun
2. SWITCH LISTRIK DEWAN perbaikan pada kapal DEWAN
perbaikan switchboard Listrik melibatkan membersihkan switchboard deposito karbon. Biasanya pembersihan dilakukan dengan kuas. Namun, pada pelarut kali digunakan. Bahaya utama dari operasi tersebut sengatan listrik, kebakaran dan menghirup gas beracun.
2.1. TUJUAN
izin ini dimaksudkan untuk memastikan bahwa semua tindakan pencegahan perlu diambil selama proses tersebut.
2.2. TANGGUNG JAWAB
• Sebelum mengajukan izin, pemohon harus memberitahukan insinyur Ketua / Engineer Listrik dari pantai kapal yang memasok kabel untuk kapal tersebut akan terputus.
• Setelah konfirmasi dari atasan perdagangan yang bersangkutan, mandor jasa laut / supervisor harus
i Isolat pemutus trafo,
ii lepaskan kabel pantai pasokan kapal dari Link berthside Box dan menampilkan "BAHAYA JANGAN TIDAK CONNECT - MEN AT KERJA" papan dan
iii memastikan bahwa pasokan listrik tidak akan dikembalikan sampai permintaan diterima dari Perdagangan Foreman / Supervisor.
2,3 PERSYARATAN UNTUK KESELAMATAN DIBERIKAN oleh pemohon
Pemohon harus menyediakan langkah-langkah di bawah disebutkan sebelum dimulainya kerja dan memelihara mereka selama proses berlangsung.
• Pastikan bahwa tidak ada power supply pada bus bar.
• Pastikan bahwa pembuat darurat sistem start-up yang terisolasi.
• Bumi bus bar switchboard itu.
• Pasang lampu yang cukup pada area kerja, akomodasi dan akses ke tempat kerja.
• Setiap langkah-langkah lain untuk mengandung bahaya khusus dan risiko yang terkait dengan pekerjaan seperti yang disebutkan dalam permohonan izin.
3. Perbaikan LISTRIK DARI FASILITAS DALAM RUMAH galangan kapal
3,1 PENCEGAHAN KESELAMATAN UMUM
• Semua bagian tercatat saat ini harus tertutup
• alat Insulated dan alat pelindung karet harus secara berkala diperiksa dan dibersihkan oleh orang yang kompeten. Ketika kondisi mereka diragukan, kontrak tersebut akan dikenakan tes tegangan tinggi.
• Ketika struktur tinggi dipindahkan di bawah garis listrik, kelonggaran yang tepat akan dipertahankan.
• Hands, sepatu dan pakaian harus tetap kering saat memegang peralatan listrik energi.
3,2 PENCEGAHAN TERHADAP KESELAMATAN LANGSUNG LANCAR
• Semua bagian langsung dari sistem kelistrikan harus dilindungi oleh isolasi dari rating yang memadai. Hal ini juga dianjurkan untuk melakukan pengukuran Ketahanan Isolasi (TI) pada interval reguler untuk mengukur efektivitas.
• bagian-bagian tertentu dari sistem kelistrikan seperti busbar tersebut, kabel motor terminal dll, biasanya tidak terisolasi. Bagian ini harus tertutup. Jika kandang terbuat dari logam, pentanahan yang sesuai, harus disediakan. Atau, hambatan dalam bentuk wire mesh, lembaran diperforasi dll, harus digunakan
• Pendekatan yang tidak perlu untuk aparatur tegangan tinggi atau "tinggal" bagian harus dihindari.
• Jika 'hidup' konduktor / aparatur yang terkena dalam pekerjaan, hambatan harus dibangun untuk mencegah lain bersentuhan dengan sistem. Hambatan hanya harus dihilangkan pada isolasi positif dari sistem.
PENCEGAHAN 3,3 KESELAMATAN MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG DIAMBIL TERHADAP LANCAR
3.2.1 Perlindungan pentanahan
Ini adalah persyaratan bahwa semua bagian metal saat ini tercatat peralatan listrik harus didorong dibumikan dengan benar
Tujuan dibumi adalah: -
• untuk menjaga bagian-bagian yang tidak lancar membawa peralatan didorong listrik di potensial nol.
• untuk debit energi listrik jika terjadi kesalahan dalam sistem bumi
• untuk memungkinkan saat ini cukup untuk mengalir ke meniup sekering atau mengoperasikan alat pelindung dan dengan demikian melepas aparat yang salah.
3.2.2 Perlindungan isolasi
Perlindungan isolasi berarti isolasi di samping isolasi operasional bagian membawa arus peralatan. Lapisan pelindung internal isolasi benar-benar mengisolasi komponen listrik dari luar perumahan dalam kasus kesalahan dalam gulungan atau bagian lain yang membawa arus.
3.2.3 Perlindungan RANGKAIAN
a) overload DAN PERLINDUNGAN SIRKUIT PENDEK
Bahaya dari kelebihan saat ini karena overload atau hubung singkat akan dapat dicegah dengan menyediakan: -
i. Sekering
ii. Circuit Breakers
iii. Perlindungan Termal
Sekering, pemutus rangkaian relay dan akan melanggar kapasitas yang cukup untuk beroperasi dengan aman di arus yang diinginkan. Semua alat pelindung ditetapkan sebesar katup saat yang tepat, sehingga hanya beroperasi secara efektif dalam kondisi rusak.
b) PERLINDUNGAN TERMAL
Peralatan listrik atau sirkuit di mana kesalahan arus tidak melebihi arus beban atau di mana overloads kecil dapat menyebabkan pemadaman termal sekering dan relay, operasi pada peningkatan suhu, harus disediakan.
c) EARTH PERLINDUNGAN kebocoran
Semua peralatan listrik didorong portabel serta peralatan listrik lain di mana perlindungan yang diberikan oleh lebih dari saat ini dan pemutus sirkuit bersama dengan konduktor dibumikan tidak cukup, harus dilengkapi dengan perlindungan kebocoran bumi. Bumi Kebocoran Circuit Breakers (ELCBs) harus disediakan untuk semua peralatan listrik digerakkan portabel.
Bumi Kebocoran Circuit Breakers bekerja berdasarkan prinsip perbedaan arus antara fasa dan netral / sirkuit bumi. Hal ini dirancang untuk mengisolasi sirkuit / peralatan ketika sebuah kesalahan bumi saat ini arus 30mA untuk suatu jangka waktu lebih dari 30 detik mili.
d) Dalam rangkaian AC, 24 Volt dianggap sebagai yang "aman" tegangan. Semua pengelasan busur listrik AC set yang digunakan dalam galangan kapal harus dilengkapi dengan "Rendah Device Keselamatan Tegangan" (LVSDs) untuk mengurangi tegangan rangkaian tanpa beban sekunder terbuka untuk di bawah 24 V untuk mencegah sengatan listrik ke tukang las.
3.3.4 PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP RADIASI Burns
Semua karyawan yang terlibat dalam proses pengelasan harus menggunakan pelindung wajah lensa dilengkapi dengan filter yang sesuai dari nuansa yang benar untuk mencegah mata dan wajah dari paparan sinar ultra violet dan infra merah yang dipancarkan dari proses tersebut. layar Perlindungan harus diberikan untuk melindungi personil lain yang bekerja di sekitar dari sinar berbahaya.
Selasa, 01 Juni 2010
Safe work Practice up date.
Title : PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM
1. INTRODUCTION
In the shipbuilding and ship-repairing industry, there are a number of operations that pose high risk. It is therefore necessary to have a form of control to carry out these operations safely. This control is brought about through a permit to work system. A permit-to-work is essentially a document which sets out work to be done, location, personnel responsible to apply endorse and approve, date and time and precautions to be take. It is a clear record that all foreseeable hazards are considered in advance and that appropriate precautions are defined and taken in the correct sequence. It does not, however, by itself make the job safe. It is the concerted efforts of all those involved in the permit to work system to ensure that the operations are carried out safely.
Under the company in-house regulations, it is mandatory to obtain a permit to work before any hazardous work is carried out in the shipyard.
2. PURPOSE
• To ensure that hazardous work can be carried out with due regard to the safety, health and welfare of workers;
• To prevent any incompatible work from being carried out at the same time in the shipyard or at any location on board the ship; and
• To ensure that the necessary safety precautions are taken and enforced when hazardous work is being carried out.
3. SCOPE
The following work processes are covered under the permit-to-work system.
Hot-Work
Painting in confined space
Chemical cleaning of boilers, coolers, Generators, Motors etc.
Electrical switch board cleaning
Radiography work
Dismantling/Testing of oil pipelines, valves and heating coils.
Work activities in CO2/Halon room
Ballasing/Deballasting
Bunkering/Transferring of oil
Sludge cleaning
The above permits are required to be raised if the work is intended to carry out on board vessel/new building erection area.
4. RESPONSIBILITIES
For jobs carried out by yard personnel, the Trade Foreman/Supervisor is responsible for maintaining the safety requirements throughout the job performance. For jobs tendered out by the yard the responsibility rests jointly with the Trade Foreman/Supervisor and the Sub-contractor Foreman/Supervisor.
For jobs undertaken by the ship staff of their hired contractors, the responsibility of maintaining the safety requirements throughout the job performance rests with the Master/Chief Officer/Chief Engineer. All the jobs shall be performed in accordance with the shipyard’s prevailing rules and regulations.
5. DESCRIPTION
In line with the company rules and regulations, the shipyard generally uses a 4-stage permit. The 4 basic stages are as follows:-
SATGE I Application by the “Trade” Foreman/Supervisor
The Trade Foreman/Supervisor/Ship staff applies for a permit to carry out the work process at a specified location for a specified time period. HE also has to undertake that he will be providing and maintaining appropriate safety measures during the entire work process.
STAGE II Endorsement by Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor
The Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor verifies that the necessary safety requirements have been complied with. If he is satisfied, he will endorse the permit.
STAGE III Approval by Ship Repair Manager/Project Engineer
The ship Repair Manager evaluates the information given by the applicant and the risks and hazards involved in the job.
The Ship Repair Manager/Project Engineer confirms that no incompatible processes will be carried out in the same vicinity as the work and all safety measures and precautions have been implemented and enforced. The SRM/PE will cause a thorough inspection and proper assessment of the work area and its surroundings to be made before he approves Stage III of the application for the permit-to-work. He will then approve the work.
STAGE IV Notification of completion of work by the Trade Foreman/Supervisor
The Trade Foreman/Supervisor notifies the safety personnel on completion of the work by returning the “Display” copy of the permit duly signed.
6. WHO SHOULD RAISE THE PERMIT
It is the duty of the Trade Foreman/Supervisor to apply for the permit-to-work if the work is intended to be carried out by the yard or yard engaged sub-contractors. If the job is undertaken by ship and their sub-contractors then the Master/Chief Officer/Chief Engineer or any other senior member of the ship staff who attends the VSCC meeting should apply for the permit. The person applying for the permit is hereinafter referred to as “applicant”
IMPORTANT NOTE
Permits are controlled documents with serial numbers and it is the duty of the Departmental Mangers to see that the permit forms issued to their Foremen/Supervisors are properly accounted for.
7. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR FILLING THE PERMIT FORM
Each stage of the permit can be signed by the respective personnel only after the preceding stage has been signed.
The dates of commencement of the work, application, endorsement by Safety Officer/Supervisor and approval by SRM/PE shall all be the same.
The foreman or supervisor may make a cancellation on the permit. However, it must be done neatly and he must initial the cancellation made.
The Safety Officer/SafetySupervisor must initial beside the foreman’s or supervisor’s initials to indicate awareness of the cancellation before he signs Part II of the permit. No amendments must be done to the permit once it has been signed by the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor except for the commencement date and time. Should there be a need to make any other amendments the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor must be informed and the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor must initial against the amendments made. In the same context no additions should also be made in the permit once it has been signed by the Safety Office/Safety Supervisor.
The SRM/PE before approval of the permit must ensure that the commencement date and time has been entered. If not, he must enter the commencement date and time in the permit. If the commencement date and time had been entered by the Trade Foreman/Supervisor and if it is required to be amended, the SRM should amend it. He must however initial against the amendments made. The commencement date and time SHOULD NOT precede the approval date and time on the permit.
8. PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING PERMIT-TO-WORK
The applicant must highlight in the VSCC meeting the intended work activities for the next 24 hours before raising the permit application. The Ship Repair Manager/Project Engineer must co-ordinate this particular work activity in the VSCC meeting so that incompatible works are not carried out at the same or adjacent locations. In the event that work arises after the VSCC meeting, the SRM/PE must convene another meeting with the trades involved before the application is made.
The applicant must be familiar with the work schedule, the nature of the work to be carried out and the hazards and risks associated with the job. He must take relevant safety measures before submitting the permit-to-work.
He must raise 2 copies of the appropriate permit-to-work. He must fill up the particulars correctly and legibly in the appropriate boxes such as the vessel’s name, location of work, commencement and completion date and time and details of work to be carried out.
He must complete the Stage I “Application by Trade Foreman/Supervisor” and submit the form (2 copies) to the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor.
Upon receiving the application, the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor should familiarize himself with the work schedule, the nature of work to be done and the risks and hazards involved. He should then inspect the site of the intended work and its surrounding area together with the applicant to ensure that there are no hazards or danger present. He would then endorse Stage II of the permit after confirming that the stated conditions and any other safety measures recommended have been complied with. If he is not satisfied with the results of the inspection, he can refuse to endorse the permit.
The Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor should then forward all 2 copies to the SRM/PE for his approval. On receipt of the application for the permit, the SRM/PE must evaluate the hazards and risks that the applicant had highlighted. He should instruct the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor to ensure that the hazards and risks are eliminated/reduced to a practicable standard of acceptance and the necessary safety measures are in place. The SRM/PE would approve the permit by signing the Stage III if he satisfied that a thorough inspection and proper assessment of the work area and its surroundings have been made so that the work can be carried out safely.
The applicant is required to display the copy marked ‘DISPLAY’ at the work area with the sketch (if any) before commencement of the work and the copy marked ‘SAFETY (FILE) in the vessel documentation file maintained in the Safety Department.
Upon completion of the work or invalidation of the permit, the Trade Foreman/Supervisor/Ship Staff (as the case may be) must sign the Stage IV “Notification of completion of work by the Trade Foreman/Supervisor” in the copy marked “Display” and hand over that copy to the Safety Personnel.
If the job is not completed within the stipulated time, a fresh permit will have to be raised. No work can commence until the permit is duly completed and signed by all the relevant personnel.
It is the duty of the ‘Trade Foreman/Supervisor’ to maintain the safety requirements throughout the job performance. If the condition changes, he must stop the job and notify the SRM/PE and the Safety Personnel.
The permit is invalidated if the conditions change or any incompatible work process need to be carried out due to priority. During such conditions, the permit must be returned to safety personnel and a fresh permit must be obtained.
Request from the sub-contractors for the approval of a permit will not be entertained.
9. DISPLAY OF WORK PERMITS
The permit-to-work shall prominently be displayed in the vicinity of the work for which it has been issued.
If the permit is issued for a work to be performed inside a confined space, it must be displayed at the entrance to the confined space.
The permit on display must not be defaced or obliterated. In the event that they become defaced or obliterated, immediate measures must be taken to replace them.
For permits to be displayed in open areas such as the main deck and the weather deck, permit holders must be used. For permits that are to be displayed in sheltered areas e.g. engine rooms, pump rooms, accommodation, plastic covers with strings attached, may be used. The plastic covers with the permits must be hung in the vicinity of the work.
Title : HOT WORK
1. INTRODUCTION
Fires and explosions have been one of the major hazards in the shipbuilding and repairing industry. Uncontrolled welding and cutting operations have been the source of numerous fires on board vessels. Many of the work processes carried out during shipbuilding/ship-repairing such as painting, chemical cleaning etc. are incompatible to hot-work’. It is therefore necessary to have a form of control and this can be achieved by implementing a permit-to-work system for “hot-work”. No “hot-work” shall be allowed to be carried out on board vessels/erection without first obtaining a “hot-work” permit.
2. PURPOSE
This permit is intended to ensure that all necessary precautions are taken during the process.
3. SCOPE
This permit is applicable to any “hot-work” carried out on board vessels/erection area.
4. DEFINITIONS
“Hot-work” means riveting, welding, flame cutting or burning and includes any other work involving the use or generation of heat or production of sparks.
5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO BE PROVIDED BY APPLICANT
The applicant must provide the under mentioned safety requirements prior to commencement of work and maintain them during the ‘hot-work’:
i Presence of fire watch with fire extinguishers/fire hoses.
ii Prominent display of ‘hot-work’ permit with sketch.
iii Supply of sufficient forced ventilation and provision of adequate lights, for work in confined spaces.
iv Prominent display of ‘hot-work’ signboards.
v Any other special measures to contain hazards and risks associated with the job as indicated in the permit application.
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS/CONDITIONS
5.1 INCOMPATIBILITY
‘Hot-work’ permit shall be invalidated should combustible materials be introduced in way of the ‘hot-work’ area or any of the following incompatible works be carried out in the same area:-
i Dismantling of valves and pipelines
ii Ballasting and Deballasting
iii Testing of valves/pipes/heating coils
iv Painting
v Chemical cleaning
vi Sludge cleaning
In any of the above cases ‘hot-work’ should be stopped immediately and Safety Department must be informed.
5.2 USE OF ACETYLENE GAS
Only acetylene gas should be used for gas welding/cutting operations in double bottom tanks, pump rooms, void spaces and other deep seated tanks.
5.3 “HOT-WORK” FOR RENEWAL OF HULL ANODES
Number of ‘hot-work permits required for the hull anode renewal shall be as follows :-
Rudder, stern area - one permit
Sea cheasts - one permit
Hull (Port & Stbd) (including bilge keel) - one permit
5.4 DISCONNECTION OF GAS HOSES DURING LUNCH BREAK PERIODS
Gas hoses shall be disconnected from gas manifolds during meal breaks and for deep seated confined spaces, the hoses shall be removed from the spaces. At the end of the day’s work, all gas hoses shall be removed from all confined spaces.
5.5 FLUSHING OF HEATING COILS IN CARGO TANKS WITH MAJOR STEEL WORK
Heating coils in cargo tanks with major steel work should be flushed as there is a risk of heating coils discharging combustibles into “hot-work” area due to some damage occurring during steel renewal. Major steel work refers to:-
i renewal of bulkheads of cargo tanks
ii renewal of shell plate in way of cargo tanks
iii renewal of stringers inside cargo tanks
5.5 REASSESSMENT OF “HOT-WORK” AREA AFTER DOCKING/UNDOCKING
Docking/undocking may introduce combustible material into area hither to free of them. “Hot-work” at the following locations should be reassessed after docking/undocking of vessel for change of condition:-
i Void spaces
ii Double bottom tanks
iii Pump room bilges
iv Engine room bilges
5.6 PROHIBITION OF OTHER WORK ACTIVITIES IN CONFINED SPACES DURING INITIAL “HOT-WORK” IN THE SPACES
During initial ‘hot-work’ in any confined space, all other work activities in the space shall be suspended. This is to ensure that there are no other workmen in the space during this period which is considered the critical period. For example, if a deck access opening has to be cut in way of a confined space, no other activity shall be permitted in the tank until the access has been cut.
In case of extensive ‘hot-work’ like renewal of internals in the space, all other activities in the space shall be suspended over a period of atleast 2 hours during which time the ‘hot-work’ will be monitored. Other activities shall only be allowed to resume after the safety officer is satisfied with the condition in the space.
5.7 PROVISION OF ALTERNATE ESCAPE ROUTE FOR WORK IN CONFINED SPACES
when there is extensive ‘hot-work’ in a confined space or when many people are working in a confined space or when many people are working in a confined space in which ‘hot-work’ is also carried out, an access opening shall be cut at a suitable location in the confined space. This is to facilitate the workmen to escape from the confined space in which they are working, in the event of an emergency.
The criteria for cutting access opening shall be based on the safety considerations. The decision whether access openings are needed or not rest with the safety department.
5.8 “HOT-WORK” BY SHIP STAFF AND OWNER’S CONTRACTORS
All ‘hot-works’ shall be performed in accordance with the prevailing safety rules and regulations pertaining to “hot-work”.
Title : CHEMICAL CLEANING OF GENERATORS AND MOTORS
1. INTRODUCTION
Chemical cleaning of generators/motors involves the use of solvents in atomized form. Solvents are highly toxic and flammable, thus necessitating special safety precautions for the operation. Any chemical cleaning of generators/motors on board a vessel in the yard can be carried out only after obtaining a permit for the same.
2. PURPOSE
This permit is intended to ensure that all necessary precautions are taken during the process.
3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE APPLICANT
The applicant must provide the under mentioned measures prior to commencement of work and maintain them during the entire process:
• Prominently display appropriate signboards at all entrances to the area where chemical cleaning is intended to be carried out.
• Isolate generator/motor breaker and heater circuit in the switchboard
• Supply sufficient exhaust ventilation.
• Ensure no hot-work in the space where chemical cleaning is intended.
• Use appropriate flame proof lights and
• Any other special measures to contain hazards and risks associated with the job as indicated in the permit application.
In addition, the applicant shall ensure that
• The workers involved in chemical cleaning are briefed on the hazards and preventive measures
• Chemical cleaners and their assistants use appropriate PPE such as air fed masks/respirators, body protection and eye protection.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS/CONDITIONS
• Chemicals can be brought on board only after the permit has been approved. Once brought on board it should be kept in an area approved by the Safety Officer/Supervisor.
• Upon completion of chemical cleaning the Trade Foreman/Supervisor/Ship staff (as the case may me) must arrange for the removal of all chemicals from the vessel and clean up any spillage. The Safety Officer/Supervisor should then check and confirm that the area is free from flammable/toxic vapours.
• The applicant when applying for the permit should submit copies of MSDS to safety personnel and SRM/PE.
• The use of flammable liquids/solvents for cleaning engine parts is prohibited.
• A chemical cleaning permit must be obtained if the application of the chemicals/flammable liquids for the purpose of general cleaning/degreasing is done by means of spraying.
5. INCOMPATIBILITY
“Hot-work” and chemical cleaning are incompatible process. No ‘hot-work’ shall be allowed in the area where chemical cleaning is under progress.
Title : ELECTRICAL SWITCH BOARD CLEANING
1. INTRODUCTION
Electricity is extensively used in the shipyard for various purposes such as driving workshop machinery, lifting machines, motors and providing general lighting throughout the yard and also on board vessels. Electricity is not dangerous, if used properly. However, if used unwisely, serious accidents can occur. The severity of the injury depends on the following factors:-
i Nature of current, whether A.C or D.C
ii Path of the current flowing through the human body
iii Duration of contact with the current
iv Physical condition of the human body, i.e. wet or dry
v Magnitude of the current
Hence, it is necessary that personnel involved in carrying out electrical repair/maintenance work, are familiar with the safe work procedures to avoid incidents during such activities.
In the shipyard, the following activities are regularly carried out:-
i Electrical switch board repairs on board vessels
ii Electrical repairs of the facilities within the shipyard premises
The primary hazards due to electrical repairs are as follows:-
• Electric shock
• Fires/explosions
• Inhalation of toxic fumes
2. ELECTRICAL SWITCH BOARD REPAIRS ON BOARD VESSELS
Electrical switchboard repair involves cleaning the switchboard of carbon deposits. Usually cleaning is done with a brush. However, at times solvents are used. The main hazards from such operations are electrical shock, fires and inhalation of toxic gases.
2.1. PURPOSE
This permit is intended to ensure that all necessary precautions are taken during the process.
2.2. RESPONSIBILITIES
• Prior to applying for the permit, the applicant shall notify the Chief engineer/Electrical Engineer of the vessel that shore supply cable to the vessel is going to be disconnected.
• Upon confirmation from trade supervisor concerned, the marine services foreman/supervisor shall
i Isolate the transformer breaker,
ii disconnect the shore supply cable of the vessel from the berthside Link Box and display “DANGER DO NOT CONNECT – MEN AT WORK” signboard and
iii ensure that power supply will not be restored until a request is received from the Trade Foreman/Supervisor.
2.3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE APPLICANT
The applicant must provide the under mentioned measures prior to commencement of work and maintain them throughout the process.
• Ensure that there is no power supply at the bus bar.
• Ensure that the emergency generator start-up system is isolated.
• Earth the switchboard’s bus bar.
• Install adequate lights at work areas, accommodation and access to work place.
• Any other measures to contain special hazards and risks associated with the job as indicated in the permit application.
3. ELECTRICAL REPAIRS OF THE FACILITIES WITHIN THE SHIPYARD PREMISES
3.1 GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• All current carrying parts shall be enclosed
• Insulated tools and rubber protective devices shall be periodically inspected and cleaned by competent persons. When their conditions is in doubt, these shall be subjected to high voltage tests.
• When high structures are moved under electrical lines, proper clearances shall be maintained.
• Hands, shoes and clothing must be kept dry when handling energized electrical equipment.
3.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DIRECT CURRENT
• All the live parts of electrical system shall be protected by insulation of adequate rating. It is also advisable to carry out measurement of Insulation Resistance (IT) at regular interval to gauge the effectiveness.
• Certain parts of electrical system like the busbar, motor cable terminals etc., are generally not insulated. These parts must be enclosed. If the enclosure is made of metal, suitable earthing, shall be provided. Alternatively, barriers in the form of wire mesh, perforated sheets etc., shall be used
• Unnecessary approach to high voltage apparatus or “live” parts shall be avoided.
• If ‘live’ conductor/apparatus are exposed in the course of the work, barriers shall be erected to prevent other coming into contact with the system. Barriers shall only be removed upon positive isolation of the system.
3.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AGAINST INDIRECT CURRENT
3.2.1 PROTECTIVE EARTHING
It is a requirement that all current carrying metal parts of electrical driven equipment shall be earthed properly
The objectives of earthing are :-
• to keep the non-current carrying parts of electrical driven equipment at zero potential.
• to discharge electrical energy in case of earth fault in the system
• to allow sufficient current to flow to blow the fuses or operate protective devices and thereby disconnect the faulty apparatus.
3.2.2 PROTECTIVE INSULATION
Protective insulation means insulation in addition to operational insulation of the current carrying parts of the equipment. The internal layer of protective insulation completely isolates the electrical components from the outer housing in case of a fault in the winding or other current carrying parts.
3.2.3 PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS
a) OVERLOAD AND SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
Dangers from excess current due to overload or short circuit shall be prevented by providing :-
i. Fuses
ii. Circuit Breakers
iii. Thermal Protection
Fuses, relays and circuit breakers shall be of sufficient breaking capacity to operate safely at the desired currents. All protective apparatus shall be set at an appropriate current valve, so that it operated effectively only in faulty conditions.
b) THERMAL PROTECTION
The electrical equipment or circuits in which the fault current does not exceed the load current or where small overloads can cause burnout thermal fuses and relay, operation on temperature increases, shall be provided.
c) EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTION
All portable electrical driven equipment as well as other electrical equipment where protection afforded by the over current and circuit breakers along with the earthed conductor is not adequate, shall be provided with earth leakage protection. Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCBs) shall be provided for all portable electrical driven equipment.
Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers work on the principle of differential current between phase and neutral/earth circuits. It is designed to isolate the circuit/equipment when an earth fault current of 30mA flows for a duration of more than 30 milli seconds.
d) In AC circuits, 24 Volts is considered to be a “safe” voltage. All AC electrical arc welding sets used in the shipyard shall be provided with “Low Voltage Safety Device” (LVSDs) to reduce the no-load secondary open circuit voltage to below 24 V to prevent electric shock to welders.
3.3.4 PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION BURNS
All personnel engaged in welding processes shall use face shields fitted with suitable filter lenses of the correct shades to prevent the eyes and face from exposure to ultra violet and infra red rays emitted from the process. Protective screens shall be provided to protect other personnel working in the vicinity from the harmful rays.
1. INTRODUCTION
In the shipbuilding and ship-repairing industry, there are a number of operations that pose high risk. It is therefore necessary to have a form of control to carry out these operations safely. This control is brought about through a permit to work system. A permit-to-work is essentially a document which sets out work to be done, location, personnel responsible to apply endorse and approve, date and time and precautions to be take. It is a clear record that all foreseeable hazards are considered in advance and that appropriate precautions are defined and taken in the correct sequence. It does not, however, by itself make the job safe. It is the concerted efforts of all those involved in the permit to work system to ensure that the operations are carried out safely.
Under the company in-house regulations, it is mandatory to obtain a permit to work before any hazardous work is carried out in the shipyard.
2. PURPOSE
• To ensure that hazardous work can be carried out with due regard to the safety, health and welfare of workers;
• To prevent any incompatible work from being carried out at the same time in the shipyard or at any location on board the ship; and
• To ensure that the necessary safety precautions are taken and enforced when hazardous work is being carried out.
3. SCOPE
The following work processes are covered under the permit-to-work system.
Hot-Work
Painting in confined space
Chemical cleaning of boilers, coolers, Generators, Motors etc.
Electrical switch board cleaning
Radiography work
Dismantling/Testing of oil pipelines, valves and heating coils.
Work activities in CO2/Halon room
Ballasing/Deballasting
Bunkering/Transferring of oil
Sludge cleaning
The above permits are required to be raised if the work is intended to carry out on board vessel/new building erection area.
4. RESPONSIBILITIES
For jobs carried out by yard personnel, the Trade Foreman/Supervisor is responsible for maintaining the safety requirements throughout the job performance. For jobs tendered out by the yard the responsibility rests jointly with the Trade Foreman/Supervisor and the Sub-contractor Foreman/Supervisor.
For jobs undertaken by the ship staff of their hired contractors, the responsibility of maintaining the safety requirements throughout the job performance rests with the Master/Chief Officer/Chief Engineer. All the jobs shall be performed in accordance with the shipyard’s prevailing rules and regulations.
5. DESCRIPTION
In line with the company rules and regulations, the shipyard generally uses a 4-stage permit. The 4 basic stages are as follows:-
SATGE I Application by the “Trade” Foreman/Supervisor
The Trade Foreman/Supervisor/Ship staff applies for a permit to carry out the work process at a specified location for a specified time period. HE also has to undertake that he will be providing and maintaining appropriate safety measures during the entire work process.
STAGE II Endorsement by Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor
The Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor verifies that the necessary safety requirements have been complied with. If he is satisfied, he will endorse the permit.
STAGE III Approval by Ship Repair Manager/Project Engineer
The ship Repair Manager evaluates the information given by the applicant and the risks and hazards involved in the job.
The Ship Repair Manager/Project Engineer confirms that no incompatible processes will be carried out in the same vicinity as the work and all safety measures and precautions have been implemented and enforced. The SRM/PE will cause a thorough inspection and proper assessment of the work area and its surroundings to be made before he approves Stage III of the application for the permit-to-work. He will then approve the work.
STAGE IV Notification of completion of work by the Trade Foreman/Supervisor
The Trade Foreman/Supervisor notifies the safety personnel on completion of the work by returning the “Display” copy of the permit duly signed.
6. WHO SHOULD RAISE THE PERMIT
It is the duty of the Trade Foreman/Supervisor to apply for the permit-to-work if the work is intended to be carried out by the yard or yard engaged sub-contractors. If the job is undertaken by ship and their sub-contractors then the Master/Chief Officer/Chief Engineer or any other senior member of the ship staff who attends the VSCC meeting should apply for the permit. The person applying for the permit is hereinafter referred to as “applicant”
IMPORTANT NOTE
Permits are controlled documents with serial numbers and it is the duty of the Departmental Mangers to see that the permit forms issued to their Foremen/Supervisors are properly accounted for.
7. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR FILLING THE PERMIT FORM
Each stage of the permit can be signed by the respective personnel only after the preceding stage has been signed.
The dates of commencement of the work, application, endorsement by Safety Officer/Supervisor and approval by SRM/PE shall all be the same.
The foreman or supervisor may make a cancellation on the permit. However, it must be done neatly and he must initial the cancellation made.
The Safety Officer/SafetySupervisor must initial beside the foreman’s or supervisor’s initials to indicate awareness of the cancellation before he signs Part II of the permit. No amendments must be done to the permit once it has been signed by the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor except for the commencement date and time. Should there be a need to make any other amendments the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor must be informed and the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor must initial against the amendments made. In the same context no additions should also be made in the permit once it has been signed by the Safety Office/Safety Supervisor.
The SRM/PE before approval of the permit must ensure that the commencement date and time has been entered. If not, he must enter the commencement date and time in the permit. If the commencement date and time had been entered by the Trade Foreman/Supervisor and if it is required to be amended, the SRM should amend it. He must however initial against the amendments made. The commencement date and time SHOULD NOT precede the approval date and time on the permit.
8. PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING PERMIT-TO-WORK
The applicant must highlight in the VSCC meeting the intended work activities for the next 24 hours before raising the permit application. The Ship Repair Manager/Project Engineer must co-ordinate this particular work activity in the VSCC meeting so that incompatible works are not carried out at the same or adjacent locations. In the event that work arises after the VSCC meeting, the SRM/PE must convene another meeting with the trades involved before the application is made.
The applicant must be familiar with the work schedule, the nature of the work to be carried out and the hazards and risks associated with the job. He must take relevant safety measures before submitting the permit-to-work.
He must raise 2 copies of the appropriate permit-to-work. He must fill up the particulars correctly and legibly in the appropriate boxes such as the vessel’s name, location of work, commencement and completion date and time and details of work to be carried out.
He must complete the Stage I “Application by Trade Foreman/Supervisor” and submit the form (2 copies) to the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor.
Upon receiving the application, the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor should familiarize himself with the work schedule, the nature of work to be done and the risks and hazards involved. He should then inspect the site of the intended work and its surrounding area together with the applicant to ensure that there are no hazards or danger present. He would then endorse Stage II of the permit after confirming that the stated conditions and any other safety measures recommended have been complied with. If he is not satisfied with the results of the inspection, he can refuse to endorse the permit.
The Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor should then forward all 2 copies to the SRM/PE for his approval. On receipt of the application for the permit, the SRM/PE must evaluate the hazards and risks that the applicant had highlighted. He should instruct the Safety Officer/Safety Supervisor to ensure that the hazards and risks are eliminated/reduced to a practicable standard of acceptance and the necessary safety measures are in place. The SRM/PE would approve the permit by signing the Stage III if he satisfied that a thorough inspection and proper assessment of the work area and its surroundings have been made so that the work can be carried out safely.
The applicant is required to display the copy marked ‘DISPLAY’ at the work area with the sketch (if any) before commencement of the work and the copy marked ‘SAFETY (FILE) in the vessel documentation file maintained in the Safety Department.
Upon completion of the work or invalidation of the permit, the Trade Foreman/Supervisor/Ship Staff (as the case may be) must sign the Stage IV “Notification of completion of work by the Trade Foreman/Supervisor” in the copy marked “Display” and hand over that copy to the Safety Personnel.
If the job is not completed within the stipulated time, a fresh permit will have to be raised. No work can commence until the permit is duly completed and signed by all the relevant personnel.
It is the duty of the ‘Trade Foreman/Supervisor’ to maintain the safety requirements throughout the job performance. If the condition changes, he must stop the job and notify the SRM/PE and the Safety Personnel.
The permit is invalidated if the conditions change or any incompatible work process need to be carried out due to priority. During such conditions, the permit must be returned to safety personnel and a fresh permit must be obtained.
Request from the sub-contractors for the approval of a permit will not be entertained.
9. DISPLAY OF WORK PERMITS
The permit-to-work shall prominently be displayed in the vicinity of the work for which it has been issued.
If the permit is issued for a work to be performed inside a confined space, it must be displayed at the entrance to the confined space.
The permit on display must not be defaced or obliterated. In the event that they become defaced or obliterated, immediate measures must be taken to replace them.
For permits to be displayed in open areas such as the main deck and the weather deck, permit holders must be used. For permits that are to be displayed in sheltered areas e.g. engine rooms, pump rooms, accommodation, plastic covers with strings attached, may be used. The plastic covers with the permits must be hung in the vicinity of the work.
Title : HOT WORK
1. INTRODUCTION
Fires and explosions have been one of the major hazards in the shipbuilding and repairing industry. Uncontrolled welding and cutting operations have been the source of numerous fires on board vessels. Many of the work processes carried out during shipbuilding/ship-repairing such as painting, chemical cleaning etc. are incompatible to hot-work’. It is therefore necessary to have a form of control and this can be achieved by implementing a permit-to-work system for “hot-work”. No “hot-work” shall be allowed to be carried out on board vessels/erection without first obtaining a “hot-work” permit.
2. PURPOSE
This permit is intended to ensure that all necessary precautions are taken during the process.
3. SCOPE
This permit is applicable to any “hot-work” carried out on board vessels/erection area.
4. DEFINITIONS
“Hot-work” means riveting, welding, flame cutting or burning and includes any other work involving the use or generation of heat or production of sparks.
5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO BE PROVIDED BY APPLICANT
The applicant must provide the under mentioned safety requirements prior to commencement of work and maintain them during the ‘hot-work’:
i Presence of fire watch with fire extinguishers/fire hoses.
ii Prominent display of ‘hot-work’ permit with sketch.
iii Supply of sufficient forced ventilation and provision of adequate lights, for work in confined spaces.
iv Prominent display of ‘hot-work’ signboards.
v Any other special measures to contain hazards and risks associated with the job as indicated in the permit application.
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS/CONDITIONS
5.1 INCOMPATIBILITY
‘Hot-work’ permit shall be invalidated should combustible materials be introduced in way of the ‘hot-work’ area or any of the following incompatible works be carried out in the same area:-
i Dismantling of valves and pipelines
ii Ballasting and Deballasting
iii Testing of valves/pipes/heating coils
iv Painting
v Chemical cleaning
vi Sludge cleaning
In any of the above cases ‘hot-work’ should be stopped immediately and Safety Department must be informed.
5.2 USE OF ACETYLENE GAS
Only acetylene gas should be used for gas welding/cutting operations in double bottom tanks, pump rooms, void spaces and other deep seated tanks.
5.3 “HOT-WORK” FOR RENEWAL OF HULL ANODES
Number of ‘hot-work permits required for the hull anode renewal shall be as follows :-
Rudder, stern area - one permit
Sea cheasts - one permit
Hull (Port & Stbd) (including bilge keel) - one permit
5.4 DISCONNECTION OF GAS HOSES DURING LUNCH BREAK PERIODS
Gas hoses shall be disconnected from gas manifolds during meal breaks and for deep seated confined spaces, the hoses shall be removed from the spaces. At the end of the day’s work, all gas hoses shall be removed from all confined spaces.
5.5 FLUSHING OF HEATING COILS IN CARGO TANKS WITH MAJOR STEEL WORK
Heating coils in cargo tanks with major steel work should be flushed as there is a risk of heating coils discharging combustibles into “hot-work” area due to some damage occurring during steel renewal. Major steel work refers to:-
i renewal of bulkheads of cargo tanks
ii renewal of shell plate in way of cargo tanks
iii renewal of stringers inside cargo tanks
5.5 REASSESSMENT OF “HOT-WORK” AREA AFTER DOCKING/UNDOCKING
Docking/undocking may introduce combustible material into area hither to free of them. “Hot-work” at the following locations should be reassessed after docking/undocking of vessel for change of condition:-
i Void spaces
ii Double bottom tanks
iii Pump room bilges
iv Engine room bilges
5.6 PROHIBITION OF OTHER WORK ACTIVITIES IN CONFINED SPACES DURING INITIAL “HOT-WORK” IN THE SPACES
During initial ‘hot-work’ in any confined space, all other work activities in the space shall be suspended. This is to ensure that there are no other workmen in the space during this period which is considered the critical period. For example, if a deck access opening has to be cut in way of a confined space, no other activity shall be permitted in the tank until the access has been cut.
In case of extensive ‘hot-work’ like renewal of internals in the space, all other activities in the space shall be suspended over a period of atleast 2 hours during which time the ‘hot-work’ will be monitored. Other activities shall only be allowed to resume after the safety officer is satisfied with the condition in the space.
5.7 PROVISION OF ALTERNATE ESCAPE ROUTE FOR WORK IN CONFINED SPACES
when there is extensive ‘hot-work’ in a confined space or when many people are working in a confined space or when many people are working in a confined space in which ‘hot-work’ is also carried out, an access opening shall be cut at a suitable location in the confined space. This is to facilitate the workmen to escape from the confined space in which they are working, in the event of an emergency.
The criteria for cutting access opening shall be based on the safety considerations. The decision whether access openings are needed or not rest with the safety department.
5.8 “HOT-WORK” BY SHIP STAFF AND OWNER’S CONTRACTORS
All ‘hot-works’ shall be performed in accordance with the prevailing safety rules and regulations pertaining to “hot-work”.
Title : CHEMICAL CLEANING OF GENERATORS AND MOTORS
1. INTRODUCTION
Chemical cleaning of generators/motors involves the use of solvents in atomized form. Solvents are highly toxic and flammable, thus necessitating special safety precautions for the operation. Any chemical cleaning of generators/motors on board a vessel in the yard can be carried out only after obtaining a permit for the same.
2. PURPOSE
This permit is intended to ensure that all necessary precautions are taken during the process.
3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE APPLICANT
The applicant must provide the under mentioned measures prior to commencement of work and maintain them during the entire process:
• Prominently display appropriate signboards at all entrances to the area where chemical cleaning is intended to be carried out.
• Isolate generator/motor breaker and heater circuit in the switchboard
• Supply sufficient exhaust ventilation.
• Ensure no hot-work in the space where chemical cleaning is intended.
• Use appropriate flame proof lights and
• Any other special measures to contain hazards and risks associated with the job as indicated in the permit application.
In addition, the applicant shall ensure that
• The workers involved in chemical cleaning are briefed on the hazards and preventive measures
• Chemical cleaners and their assistants use appropriate PPE such as air fed masks/respirators, body protection and eye protection.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS/CONDITIONS
• Chemicals can be brought on board only after the permit has been approved. Once brought on board it should be kept in an area approved by the Safety Officer/Supervisor.
• Upon completion of chemical cleaning the Trade Foreman/Supervisor/Ship staff (as the case may me) must arrange for the removal of all chemicals from the vessel and clean up any spillage. The Safety Officer/Supervisor should then check and confirm that the area is free from flammable/toxic vapours.
• The applicant when applying for the permit should submit copies of MSDS to safety personnel and SRM/PE.
• The use of flammable liquids/solvents for cleaning engine parts is prohibited.
• A chemical cleaning permit must be obtained if the application of the chemicals/flammable liquids for the purpose of general cleaning/degreasing is done by means of spraying.
5. INCOMPATIBILITY
“Hot-work” and chemical cleaning are incompatible process. No ‘hot-work’ shall be allowed in the area where chemical cleaning is under progress.
Title : ELECTRICAL SWITCH BOARD CLEANING
1. INTRODUCTION
Electricity is extensively used in the shipyard for various purposes such as driving workshop machinery, lifting machines, motors and providing general lighting throughout the yard and also on board vessels. Electricity is not dangerous, if used properly. However, if used unwisely, serious accidents can occur. The severity of the injury depends on the following factors:-
i Nature of current, whether A.C or D.C
ii Path of the current flowing through the human body
iii Duration of contact with the current
iv Physical condition of the human body, i.e. wet or dry
v Magnitude of the current
Hence, it is necessary that personnel involved in carrying out electrical repair/maintenance work, are familiar with the safe work procedures to avoid incidents during such activities.
In the shipyard, the following activities are regularly carried out:-
i Electrical switch board repairs on board vessels
ii Electrical repairs of the facilities within the shipyard premises
The primary hazards due to electrical repairs are as follows:-
• Electric shock
• Fires/explosions
• Inhalation of toxic fumes
2. ELECTRICAL SWITCH BOARD REPAIRS ON BOARD VESSELS
Electrical switchboard repair involves cleaning the switchboard of carbon deposits. Usually cleaning is done with a brush. However, at times solvents are used. The main hazards from such operations are electrical shock, fires and inhalation of toxic gases.
2.1. PURPOSE
This permit is intended to ensure that all necessary precautions are taken during the process.
2.2. RESPONSIBILITIES
• Prior to applying for the permit, the applicant shall notify the Chief engineer/Electrical Engineer of the vessel that shore supply cable to the vessel is going to be disconnected.
• Upon confirmation from trade supervisor concerned, the marine services foreman/supervisor shall
i Isolate the transformer breaker,
ii disconnect the shore supply cable of the vessel from the berthside Link Box and display “DANGER DO NOT CONNECT – MEN AT WORK” signboard and
iii ensure that power supply will not be restored until a request is received from the Trade Foreman/Supervisor.
2.3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE APPLICANT
The applicant must provide the under mentioned measures prior to commencement of work and maintain them throughout the process.
• Ensure that there is no power supply at the bus bar.
• Ensure that the emergency generator start-up system is isolated.
• Earth the switchboard’s bus bar.
• Install adequate lights at work areas, accommodation and access to work place.
• Any other measures to contain special hazards and risks associated with the job as indicated in the permit application.
3. ELECTRICAL REPAIRS OF THE FACILITIES WITHIN THE SHIPYARD PREMISES
3.1 GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• All current carrying parts shall be enclosed
• Insulated tools and rubber protective devices shall be periodically inspected and cleaned by competent persons. When their conditions is in doubt, these shall be subjected to high voltage tests.
• When high structures are moved under electrical lines, proper clearances shall be maintained.
• Hands, shoes and clothing must be kept dry when handling energized electrical equipment.
3.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DIRECT CURRENT
• All the live parts of electrical system shall be protected by insulation of adequate rating. It is also advisable to carry out measurement of Insulation Resistance (IT) at regular interval to gauge the effectiveness.
• Certain parts of electrical system like the busbar, motor cable terminals etc., are generally not insulated. These parts must be enclosed. If the enclosure is made of metal, suitable earthing, shall be provided. Alternatively, barriers in the form of wire mesh, perforated sheets etc., shall be used
• Unnecessary approach to high voltage apparatus or “live” parts shall be avoided.
• If ‘live’ conductor/apparatus are exposed in the course of the work, barriers shall be erected to prevent other coming into contact with the system. Barriers shall only be removed upon positive isolation of the system.
3.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AGAINST INDIRECT CURRENT
3.2.1 PROTECTIVE EARTHING
It is a requirement that all current carrying metal parts of electrical driven equipment shall be earthed properly
The objectives of earthing are :-
• to keep the non-current carrying parts of electrical driven equipment at zero potential.
• to discharge electrical energy in case of earth fault in the system
• to allow sufficient current to flow to blow the fuses or operate protective devices and thereby disconnect the faulty apparatus.
3.2.2 PROTECTIVE INSULATION
Protective insulation means insulation in addition to operational insulation of the current carrying parts of the equipment. The internal layer of protective insulation completely isolates the electrical components from the outer housing in case of a fault in the winding or other current carrying parts.
3.2.3 PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS
a) OVERLOAD AND SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
Dangers from excess current due to overload or short circuit shall be prevented by providing :-
i. Fuses
ii. Circuit Breakers
iii. Thermal Protection
Fuses, relays and circuit breakers shall be of sufficient breaking capacity to operate safely at the desired currents. All protective apparatus shall be set at an appropriate current valve, so that it operated effectively only in faulty conditions.
b) THERMAL PROTECTION
The electrical equipment or circuits in which the fault current does not exceed the load current or where small overloads can cause burnout thermal fuses and relay, operation on temperature increases, shall be provided.
c) EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTION
All portable electrical driven equipment as well as other electrical equipment where protection afforded by the over current and circuit breakers along with the earthed conductor is not adequate, shall be provided with earth leakage protection. Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCBs) shall be provided for all portable electrical driven equipment.
Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers work on the principle of differential current between phase and neutral/earth circuits. It is designed to isolate the circuit/equipment when an earth fault current of 30mA flows for a duration of more than 30 milli seconds.
d) In AC circuits, 24 Volts is considered to be a “safe” voltage. All AC electrical arc welding sets used in the shipyard shall be provided with “Low Voltage Safety Device” (LVSDs) to reduce the no-load secondary open circuit voltage to below 24 V to prevent electric shock to welders.
3.3.4 PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION BURNS
All personnel engaged in welding processes shall use face shields fitted with suitable filter lenses of the correct shades to prevent the eyes and face from exposure to ultra violet and infra red rays emitted from the process. Protective screens shall be provided to protect other personnel working in the vicinity from the harmful rays.
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